CHAP. 72.—IN WHAT PLACES ECLIPSES ARE INVISIBLE, AND
WHY THIS IS THE CASE.
Hence it is that the inhabitants of the east do not see
those eclipses of the sun or of the moon which occur in the
evening, nor the inhabitants of the west those in the morning, while such as take place at noon are more frequently
visible[1]. We are told, that at the time of the famous victory of
Alexander the Great, at Arbela[2], the moon was
eclipsed at the second hour of the night, while, in Sicily, the
moon was rising at the same hour. The eclipse of the sun
which occurred the day before the calends of May, in the
consulship of Vipstanus and Fonteius[3], not many years ago,
was seen in Campania between the seventh and eighth hour
of the day; the general Corbulo informs us, that it was seen
in Armenia, between the eleventh and twelfth hour[4]; thus the
curve of the globe both reveals and conceals different objects
from the inhabitants of its different parts. If the earth had
been flat, everything would have been seen at the same time,
from every part of it, and the nights would not have been
unequal; while the equal intervals of twelve hours, which are
now observed only in the middle of the earth, would in that
case have been the same everywhere.
1. We may presume that the author meant to convey the idea, that
the eclipses which are visible in any one country are not so in those
which are situated under a different meridian. The terms
"vespertinos," "matutinos," and "meridianos," refer not to the time
of the day,
but to the situation of the eclipse, whether recurring in the western,
eastern, or southern parts of the heavens.
2. Brewster, in the art. "Chronology," p. 415, mentions this eclipse as
having taken place Sept. 21st, U.C. 331, eleven days before
the battle of
Arbela; while, in the same art. p. 423, the battle is said to have taken
place on Oct. 2nd, eleven days after a total eclipse of the moon.
3. It took place on the 30th of April, in the year of the City 811,
A.D. 59; see Brewster, ubi supra. It is simply
mentioned by Tacitus,
Ann. xiv. 12, as having occurred among other prodigies which took place
at this period.
4. We have an account of Corbulo's expedition to Armenia in Dion Cassius, lx. 19–24, but there is no mention of the eclipse or of any peculiar
celestial phænomenon.